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Glossary

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key competences

The sum of skills (basic sckills and new basic skills) needed to develop in contemporary knowledge society. The European Commission sets out the 8 key competences (2006):

1. communication in the mother tongue;

2. communication in foreign languages;

3. competences in maths, science and technology;

4. digital competences;

5. learning to learn;

6. interpersonal, intercultural and social competences and civic competences;

7. entrepreneurship;

8. cultural expression.

Know-how

practical knowledge or skills expertise

Knowledge

definitions of knowledge are legion, nevertheless, modern conceptions of knowledge rest broadly on several basic distinctions : (a) declarative (theoretical) knowledge differs from procedural (practical) knowledge ; (b) various forms of knowledge correspond to different ways of learning : objective (natural/scientific) knowledge ; subjective (literary/aesthetic) knowledge ; moral (human/normative) knowledge ; religious (divine) knowledge ; (c) knowledge encompasses tacit (the learner is not necessarily aware of having it) and explicit (knowledge a learner can consciously inspect) knowledge .

Reference: European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (CEDEFOP), 2001, 2002 & 2009.

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